I. Babban AikinSolenoid Valves
Bawul ɗin solenoid, a matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci don canjin huhu, yana ɗaukar nauyin canza siginar lantarki da kyau zuwa siginonin huhu. Bayan karɓar umarnin sarrafawa, bawul ɗin solenoid na iya daidai sakin, dakatar OR canza magudanar ruwa na iskar da aka matsa, ta haka ne ke samun ayyuka da yawa, gami da sarrafa jagorancin aikin sashin mai kunnawa pneumatic, ON / KASHE canjin adadin kuzari, DA KO / BA / DA kulawar dabaru. Daga cikin nau'ikan bawul ɗin solenoid iri-iri, bawul ɗin sarrafa wutar lantarki na lantarki yana riƙe da ainihin matsayi kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Ii. Ƙa'idar Aiki na Bawul ɗin Sarrafa Jagoran Wutar Lantarki
A cikin tsarin pneumatic, bawul ɗin sarrafawa na lantarki na lantarki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yana da alhakin sarrafa budewa da rufe tashar tashar iska ko canza yanayin tafiyar da iska mai matsa lamba. Babban ƙa'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne da ƙarfin lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar coil na lantarki. Wannan ƙarfin zai kori maɓallin bawul ɗin don canzawa, ta yadda zai cimma manufar juyar da iskar. Dangane da hanyoyi daban-daban da sashin sarrafa wutar lantarki ke tura bawul ɗin sarrafawa, za a iya raba bawul ɗin sarrafawa na lantarki zuwa nau'i biyu: kai tsaye -aiki da matukin jirgi-aiki. Kai tsaye -allolin solenoid masu aiki kai tsaye suna amfani da ƙarfin lantarki kai tsaye don fitar da bawul ɗin bawul ɗin zuwa juyowa alkibla, yayin da matukin jirgi{8}}waɗanda ke sarrafa bawul ɗin suna dogara ga matsin iska na matukin da bawul ɗin matukin jirgi na lantarki ke samarwa don fitar da bawul ɗin cibiya don cimma juyawa.
Hoto 1 yana nuna sauƙi mai sauƙi - ra'ayi na sashe na 3/2 (-hanyar hanya biyu-matsayi) kai tsaye{6}}aikin solenoid bawul (nau'in buɗaɗɗen al'ada) da ƙa'idar aikinsa. Lokacin da coil ɗin ya sami kuzari, ainihin ƙarfen ƙarfe zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki, kuma wannan ƙarfin zai tura maɓallin bawul ɗin don matsawa sama. Yayin da maɓallin valve ya tashi, an ɗaga gasket, don haka haɗa tashar jiragen ruwa 1 da 2 yayin da aka cire tashar jiragen ruwa 2 da 3. A wannan lokaci, bawul ɗin yana cikin yanayin ci kuma yana iya sarrafa motsi na silinda. Da zarar an katse wutar lantarki, cibiyar bawul ɗin za ta dogara ne da ƙarfin maido da ruwan bazara don komawa matsayinta na asali, wato, tashoshin 1 da 2 an katse yayin da tashoshin 2 da 3 ke haɗa su. Ta wannan hanyar, bawul ɗin yana cikin yanayin shayewa.
Hoto 2 yana nuna sauƙi mai sauƙi - ra'ayi na sashe na 5/2 (biyar -hanyar biyu-matsayi{6}}aikin solenoid bawul (nau'in buɗewa na yau da kullun) da ƙa'idar aikinsa. A cikin yanayin farko, shan iska yana faruwa ta tashar jiragen ruwa 1 da 2, yayin da ake fitar da shaye-shaye ta tashar jiragen ruwa na 4 da 5. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da coil ɗin, ainihin baƙin ƙarfe yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan karfi zai kori bawul din matukin ya yi aiki, sannan kuma matsattsen iska zai shiga piston piston na bawul ta hanyar iska, wanda hakan zai sa fistan ya fara aiki. A tsakiyar fistan, da'irar madauwari mai rufewa ta buɗe tashar. A wannan lokacin, iskar tana tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa na 1 da 4, yayin da ake fitar da iska daga tashar jiragen ruwa na 2 da 3. Da zarar an yanke wutar lantarki, bawul ɗin matuƙin jirgin zai dogara ne akan maido da ƙarfin bazara don komawa zuwa yadda yake.
Na gaba, bari mu magana game da aikin solenoid bawul. Aikin bawul ɗin lantarki yana wakiltar lambobi biyu: M da N, wanda ake kira M{1}}hanyar N-matsayin electromagnetic valve. Daga cikin su, "N matsayi" yana wakiltar matsayi na sauyawa na bawul mai kulawa, wato, yanayin bawul. Adadin wuraren bawul shine ƙimar N. Misali, bawul ɗin matsayi guda biyu- yana da zaɓin matsayi guda biyu, wato yana da jihohi biyu. Bawul ɗin matsayi guda uku - yana da zaɓin matsayi guda uku, wato, akwai jihohi daban-daban guda uku. Hanyar "M" tana nuna adadin hanyoyin haɗin waje na bawul, ciki har da mashigar iska, tashar iska da tashar shaye-shaye. Adadin hanyoyin shine ƙimar M.
Ɗauki bawul a hoto na 1 a matsayin misali. Yana da 3/2 kai tsaye - mai aiki da bawul ɗin solenoid, wato, bawul ɗin yana da matsayi guda biyu, wato jihohin "on" da "off". A lokaci guda kuma, tana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda uku: 1 ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa, 2 ita ce tashar iska, 3 kuma tashar shaye-shaye.
Analysis na solenoid bawul iska iska
A gefen hagu na zanen hanyar iskar gas, alamar da ke hagu mai nisa yawanci tana wakiltar maɓuɓɓugar ƙasa. Sashin tsakiya shine jikin bawul, wanda ya ƙunshi mahimman bayanai don ƙayyade nau'in bawul ɗin solenoid. Misali, akwatunan nan guda biyu da ke cikin wannan adadi suna nuna cewa wannan A/B/R/P/S ke wakiltar wuraren rami na jikin bawul, wato, bawul ɗin hanya biyar{{3}. Don haka, wannan bawul ɗin solenoid bawul ɗin solenoid bawul ne guda biyu - matsayi biyar{6}. Hakazalika, zamu iya ƙayyade adadin ragowa da adadin wucewar bawul ɗin solenoid ta adadin ramuka da adadin kwalaye.
Bugu da ƙari, zane-zanen hanyar gas yana nuna hanyoyin aiki na hanyar gas lokacin da wutar lantarki ke kashe da kuma lokacin da wuta ke kunne. Lokacin da aka yanke wutar lantarki, hanyar iska ta shiga ta rami P, ta yi aiki a kan mai kunnawa ta rami A, sannan ta wuce ta rami B, kuma a karshe za a fitar da shi daga Hole S, yayin da Hole R ya kasance a rufe. Lokacin da aka kunna, hanyar iska kuma tana shiga daga rami P, amma a wannan lokacin, ana fitar da iska daga rami B, tana aiki akan injin kunnawa kuma ta wuce rami A, kuma a ƙarshe ana fitar da shi daga rami R, yayin da Hole S ke rufe.
Bangaren dama na Hoto 3 gabaɗaya yana wakiltar coils ko matukin ƙananan bawuloli, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin bawul ɗin solenoid. Ta hanyar fassarar waɗannan zane-zane na iska, za mu iya samun zurfin fahimtar ka'idar aiki na bawul na solenoid da kuma aiki na iska a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
Hoto na 4 yana nuna tsarin tsarin lantarki na bawul ɗin solenoid na pneumatic. Tsarin tsarin lantarki shine mabuɗin fahimtar ƙa'idar aiki na bawul ɗin lantarki. Yana zayyana ƙarara na nada, lambobin sadarwa, da alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran abubuwan lantarki. Ta hanyar lura da zane-zane na lantarki, za mu iya samun zurfin fahimtar canjin lantarki na bawul ɗin solenoid lokacin da aka kunna shi da kashe shi, don haka mafi kyawun fahimtar halayen aikinsa.
Iv. Zaɓin Guda ɗaya{1}Kwararrun Bawul ɗin Solenoid da Biyu{2} Sarrafa Solenoid Valves
Bawul ɗin solenoid mai sarrafa wutar lantarki guda ɗaya, kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, sanye take da coil ɗaya kaɗai. Lokacin da aka kunna shi, zai canza ya shiga wata jiha. Lokacin da aka yanke wutar lantarki, zai dawo ta atomatik zuwa ainihin yanayin. Ana nuna wannan ƙa'idar aiki a Hoto na 5. Akasin haka, na'urar lantarki mai sau biyu -mai sarrafa solenoid bawul tana sanye da coils biyu. Ta sarrafa jahohi masu kuzari na coils daban-daban, zai iya cimma maɓalli da yawa kuma har yanzu yana kula da yanayin da ya gabata bayan wutar lantarki{6}} kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6. Wannan bambance-bambancen aikin yana ƙayyade zaɓin su daban-daban a aikace-aikace masu amfani.
Figures 5 da 6 suna nuna ƙa'idodin aiki na guda - sarrafa solenoid bawuloli da biyu{3}} sarrafa solenoid bawuloli. Lokacin yin zaɓi, idan lokacin jujjuyawar bawul ɗin ya ɗan ɗanyi ɗan gajeren lokaci, bawul ɗin solenoid guda ɗaya - ya isa ya sarrafa shi. Koyaya, idan lokacin motsi ya yi tsayi, ana buƙatar ci gaba da kunna na'urar, wanda zai iya sa na'urar ta yi zafi saboda tsawan lokaci mai ƙarfi har ma da ƙonewa. Don guje wa wannan yanayin, ana iya zaɓar bawul ɗin sarrafawa sau biyu{9}. Bugu da kari, idan aikin sake saitin yana buƙatar samun nasara bayan gazawar wutar lantarki, bawul ɗin solenoid mai sarrafa wutar lantarki guda ɗaya ya fi dacewa. Idan ya zama dole don kula da halin yanzu bayan gazawar wutar lantarki, nau'in bawul ɗin solenoid sau biyu{12}} ya fi dacewa.
V. Bambance-bambance da Aikace-aikace tsakanin Pilot{1}}Aikin Solenoid Valves da Kai tsaye{2}}Aikin Solenoid Valves
Daga cikin nau'ikan bawuloli na solenoid, matukin jirgi{0}}akan aiki da kai tsaye{1}aiki iri biyu ne gama gari. Sun bambanta cikin ƙa'idodin aiki da yanayin aikace-aikacen. Matukin solenoid bawul ɗin solenoid masu aiki suna canzawa tsakanin gas da ruwa ta ramukan matukin jirgi, yayin da kai tsaye{5}}allolin solenoid suna dogara da bambance-bambancen matsa lamba don sarrafa motsin zuciyar bawul. Wannan bambanci ya sa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan solenoid kowannensu yana da fa'idodin kansa yayin amsa buƙatun masana'antu daban-daban. Misali, a wasu yanayi da ke buƙatar saurin amsawa da babban hankali, kai tsaye -aikin solenoid bawul ɗin na iya zama mafi dacewa. A cikin yanayin da ake buƙatar kulawa mai kyau da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, matukin jirgi na solenoid na iya samun gefe.
Tsarin ƙirar solenoid bawul ɗin kai tsaye - yana da sauƙi. Ka'idar aikin su ta dogara ne akan ƙarfin lantarki don fitar da bawul ɗin kai tsaye don yin aiki. Koyaya, wannan ƙirar kuma tana da manyan kasawa guda biyu. Da fari dai, saboda yawan buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarar na'urar na'urar lantarki tana ƙaruwa daidai da haka, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙarin kuzari. Na biyu, kai tsaye - bawul ɗin solenoid masu aiki suna da ɗan damuwa ga matsa lamba. Lokacin da matsa lamba ya wuce ƙayyadaddun iyaka (yawanci sama da 0.7MPA), yawancin bawul ɗin solenoid kai tsaye - ba za su iya aiki da kyau ba. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda matsanancin matsanancin matsin lamba da ke aiki akan ɗigon bawul, yana sa ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi wahala ya fitar da bawul ɗin ya yi aiki. Duk da wannan, kai tsaye{11}}allolin solenoid suma suna da fa'idodin su: tsari mai sauƙi, farashi mai araha da ƙarancin gazawa.
2. Matukin solenoid bawul{1}} an tsara shi da hazaka. Yana watsar da tuƙi mai ƙarfi na lantarki na gargajiya kuma a maimakon haka yana amfani da matsa lamba na iska don fitar da bakin bawul don yin aiki. Don bawul ɗin solenoid mai diamita wanda ya wuce 4mm, yawanci suna haɗa da bawul ɗin matukin jirgi da babban bawul. Bayan an kunna bawul ɗin solenoid, bawul ɗin matuƙin jirgin zai buɗe ya sarrafa buɗe babban bawul ta siginar fitarwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa babban bawul shine ainihin bawul ɗin sarrafawa na pneumatic, kuma aikinsa yana buƙatar aikin haɗin gwiwa na tushen iska guda biyu: ɗayan shine babban tushen iska, ɗayan kuma shine tushen tushen iska.
Idan babban tushen iska yana ba da iska zuwa bawul ɗin matukin ta hanyar wucewar iska ta ciki na bawul ɗin solenoid, wannan ƙirar ana kiranta nau'in matukin jirgi na ciki. Idan bawul ɗin matukin yana samar da iskar gas daga tushe mai zaman kansa daga babban tushen iskar gas, ana kiransa nau'in matukin jirgi na waje. A cikin hoto na 8, gefen hagu yana nuna misalin matukin jirgin sama na waje{3}}mai sarrafa solenoid valve, yayin da gefen dama yana nuna misalin matukin jirgi na ciki{4}}mai sarrafa solenoid valve.
Ana nuna kwatancen jiki tsakanin gubar na ciki da gubar na waje a cikin adadi mai zuwa.
Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan solenoid, wato matukin jirgi na ciki da matukin jirgi na waje, galibi suna zama tare a cikin tsari ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci, matukin jirgi na ciki zai iya biyan bukatun yawancin lokuta. Koyaya, a wasu takamaiman yanayi, jagoranci na waje ya zama ma fi dacewa. Misali, lokacin da matsi na tushen iskar gas na babban bawul ɗin ya yi jujjuya kuma yana iya raguwa ƙasa da 0.2MPA, ko kuma lokacin da yake cikin yanayi mara kyau, tunda ba za a iya raba tushen gas ɗin bawul ɗin matukin da na babban bawul ɗin ba, in ba haka ba yana iya haifar da babban bawul ɗin ya kasa buɗewa. A wannan lokaci, ana buƙatar tushen iska mai zaman kanta tare da matsa lamba fiye da 0.2MPA don kunna bawul ɗin matukin jirgi. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da bambancin matsa lamba tsakanin mashigar iska da fitarwa yana da mahimmanci, ko kuma lokacin da babban matsi na iska ya wuce 1MPA, matukin jirgi na ciki na iya buƙatar ƙara girman tsarin ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin tashar iska kai tsaye a kan bawul core. Matukin na waje yana magance matsalar ta hanyar shigar da tashar gas ɗaya kai tsaye a cikin tashar jirgin ruwa ba tare da buƙatar ƙara bawul ɗin lantarki ba; kawai bututun iska yana buƙatar ƙarawa.
A ƙarshe, matukin jirgi{0} solenoid bawul ɗin suna da fa'idodin ƙananan kawuna na lantarki da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Yana da daɗi da kyau kuma yana adana sararin shigarwa. A halin yanzu, yana haifar da ƙarancin zafi kuma yana da gagarumin ƙarfi{3}} tasirin ceto. Mafi mahimmanci, saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi, na'urar ba ta da yuwuwar ƙonewa kuma ana iya kunna ta na dogon lokaci. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a aikace-aikace masu amfani. Misali, ikon wasu bawul ɗin solenoid daga SMC an rage shi zuwa ƙasa da 0.1W, yana ba da damar ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba. Matsakaicin ikon kai tsaye{9}}wayoyin solenoid masu aiki shine 4{11}}20W, tare da ɗan gajeren ƙarfi{13}} akan lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, yawan iko akan {15} yana haifar da haɗarin ƙonawa. Don haka, a cikin yanayin da ake buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci ko kuma a manyan mitoci, matukin jirgi{17}}ananan bawul ɗin solenoid ya zama zaɓin da aka fi so. A haƙiƙa, yawancin bawul ɗin solenoid da aka saba amfani da su a zamanin yau sun ɗauki ƙirar matuƙin jirgi{19}} Daga cikin bawul ɗin solenoid waɗanda ke ba da izinin ruwa kawai ya wuce, waɗanda ke yin kai tsaye har yanzu suna da wani kaso. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙazanta a cikin ruwa na iya toshe kunkuntar tashoshin bawul ɗin matukin jirgi.
Next, we will delve into the three types of three-position five-way solenoid valves: middle-sealed, middle-vented, and medium-pressure, as well as their applications. Irin wannan bawul ɗin solenoid yana amfani da coils biyu na lantarki. Lokacin da babu wutar lantarki guda biyun da aka yi amfani da shi, tushen bawul ɗin zai kasance a tsakiyar matsayi ƙarƙashin madaidaicin tura maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na bangarorin biyu. A wannan lokacin, yanayin kashe hanyar iskar gas a cikin bawul ɗin solenoid zai ƙayyade takamaiman nau'insa na - na tsakiya, huɗa na tsakiya ko matsakaicin matsa lamba. Za mu yi nazarin ka'idoji da yanayin aikace-aikacen waɗannan nau'ikan guda uku ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
1.Binciken yanayin hatimi na tsakiya: Lokacin da ba ɗaya daga cikin coils biyun da aka yi kuzari, matsa lamba a ɗakunan gaba da na baya na silinda za su kasance a cikin jihar bayan an sami kuzarin coils kuma ba zai canza ba. A lokaci guda kuma, duka tashoshin shan iska da shaye-shaye suna rufe. Duk da haka, kiyaye wannan yanayin na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa a hankali saboda ƙananan leaks. Ana nuna zane-zane a cikin (Hoto na 10).
Saboda damtsewar iskar gas da kuma gaskiyar cewa abubuwan haɗin huhu kamar silinda, bawuloli da gidajen haɗin bututun iskar gas ba za su iya zubewa gabaɗaya ba{0}}, ba za a iya kiyaye silinda da ƙarfi a matsakaicin tasha na dogon lokaci. Wannan madaidaicin yanayin sannu a hankali zai ɓace a kan lokaci, yana haifar da raguwa a daidaitattun matsayi na Silinda. Koyaya, ga waɗancan yanayin aiki inda ba a buƙatar daidaiton silinda sosai kuma lokacin tsayawa yayi ɗan gajeru, tsakiyar{3}} ana iya la'akari da amfani da shi.
2. Hanyar fitarwa ta matsakaici: Lokacin da ba daga cikin coils guda biyu da ke da kuzari, babu matsa lamba a cikin ɗakunan gaba da na baya na silinda, kuma tashar shan iska ta kasance a rufe a lokaci guda. A wannan lokacin, matsa lamba a gaban da na baya na silinda za a sauke ta tashoshi biyu na shaye-shaye na bawul ɗin solenoid. Ana iya komawa ga ƙa'idar aikin sa a hoto na 11.
Idan aka kwatanta da tsakiyar -bawul ɗin da aka hatimce, tsakiyar{1}}tsarar da'ira na iya samar da dogon lokaci{2}} tsayawa. A cikin yanayi inda silinda ke buƙatar motsawa a tsaye, tsakiyar{4}}lokacin tsayawa yana da ɗan tsayi, amma buƙatar daidaiton matsayi ba ta da tsauri sosai, tsakiyar{5}}sakin da'irar zaɓi ne da yakamata a yi la'akari.
3. Matsakaicin yanayin matsa lamba: Lokacin da ba ɗayan coils biyu ɗin da aka kunna ba, matsa lamba a gaban ɗakunan gaba da na baya na silinda zai kasance a yanayin lokacin da coil ɗin da ya gabata ya ƙare, kuma za'a ci gaba da matsa lamba don tabbatar da cewa matsa lamba a gaban da na baya na silinda ya yi daidai da wancan a ƙarshen ci. A wannan lokacin, iskar iska tana buɗe yayin da aka rufe shaye-shaye. Ana nuna ƙa'idar aiki a cikin hoto 12.
Idan Silinda ba a sanye shi da ƙarfin lodi na waje na axial, piston zai kasance a cikin daidaitaccen yanayi kuma don haka ya tsaya daidai a kowane matsayi yayin bugun jini. Halayen wannan kewaye suna buƙatar cewa dole ne a shigar da silinda a kwance. Don haka, a cikin yanayin aiki inda ake buƙatar madaidaicin matsayi mai girma{2} kuma babu ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na waje, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da matsakaicin matsa lamba{3} a haɗe tare da silinda sandar piston biyu.
