Abubuwan sarrafawa na pneumatic da ma'auni na asali
A cikin tsarin pneumatic, abubuwan sarrafawa sune mahimman abubuwan haɓakawa don sarrafawa da daidaita matsa lamba, ƙimar kwarara, tafiyar da iskar da aka matsa da aika sigina. Ta amfani da su, ana iya ƙirƙirar da'irori daban-daban na pneumatic don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke kunna pneumatic suna aiki kullum kamar yadda ake buƙata. Pneumatic control components can be classified into three major categories based on their functions and applications: pressure control valves, flow control valves, and directional control valves. Bugu da kari, akwai abubuwan da suka shafi tunani na pneumatic da ke cimma ayyuka daban-daban na ma'ana ta hanyar canza alkibla da kuma kashe iska.
①Matsi kula da bawul da matsa lamba kula kewaye
Ana amfani da bawul ɗin sarrafa matsi don sarrafa matsa lamba na iskar gas a cikin tsarin kuma suna biyan buƙatun matsa lamba daban-daban. Ana iya rarraba bawul ɗin sarrafa matsi zuwa nau'i uku: Nau'in farko shine bawul ɗin rage matsin lamba wanda ke aiki don ragewa da daidaita matsa lamba; Nau'in na biyu shine bawul ɗin aminci wanda ke yin aiki don iyakance matsa lamba da ba da kariya ta aminci, wato bawul ɗin taimako. Nau'i na uku shine bawul ɗin jeri wanda ke aiwatar da wasu abubuwan sarrafawa bisa ma'aunin layin iskar gas daban-daban.
1. Bawul ɗin aminci
Bawul ɗin aminci yana taka rawa a cikin kariyar aminci a cikin tsarin. Lokacin da tsarin tsarin ya wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade, bawul ɗin aminci yana buɗewa don sakin wani yanki na iskar gas a cikin yanayi, tabbatar da cewa tsarin tsarin bai wuce ƙimar da aka yarda ba kuma don haka yana hana hatsarori da ke haifar da matsa lamba a cikin tsarin. Ana nuna tsari da alamar hoto na bawul ɗin aminci a cikin adadi.
Hoto: Tsarin tsari da alamar hoto na bawul ɗin aminci
2. Matsi{1}}mai rage bawul
Ayyukan matsa lamba - rage bawul shine don rage matsi na tushen samar da iskar gas zuwa matsin da na'urar ke buƙata da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙimar matsa lamba ta tsaya tsayin daka bayan rage matsa lamba. Ayyukan asali na bawul ɗin rage matsa lamba ya haɗa da kewayon daidaita matsin lamba, halayen matsa lamba da halayen kwarara. Halayen matsi da halayen kwarara sune mahimman fasali guda biyu na matsa lamba{3}}rage bawul kuma suna aiki azaman mahimman tushe don zaɓin sa da amfaninsa. Lokacin zabar matsa lamba -mai rage bawul, nau'insa da daidaiton ƙa'idar matsin lamba yakamata a ƙayyade bisa ga buƙatun amfani, sannan a zaɓi diamita gwargwadon matsakaicin fitarwar da ake buƙata. Ana nuna tsarin matsi na matsa lamba - ana nuna bawul mai ragewa a cikin hoton. Matsakaicin tushen iska na bawul ya kamata ya zama mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa ta 0.1MPa. Ana shigar da matsi mai rage bawul gabaɗaya bayan mai raba ruwa da tace iska da kuma gaban mai mai hazo, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto. Da fatan za a kula kar a juya mashigar ta da mashigar ta. Lokacin da ba a yi amfani da bawul ɗin ba, ya kamata a sassauta kullin don hana diaphragm daga zama mai nakasa akai-akai a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, wanda zai iya rinjayar aikinsa.
Hoto: Tsarin matsa lamba -mai rage bawul
Hoto: Matsayin shigarwa na matsa lamba{0}mai rage bawul
3. Da'irar kula da matsi
Da'irar kula da matsa lamba wani yanki ne na asali wanda ke kiyaye matsa lamba a cikin da'irar a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon ko ba da damar da'irar don samun matsi na matakan daban-daban. Waɗanda aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da da'irorin sarrafa matsa lamba na farko da na'urorin sarrafa matsa lamba na biyu.
Da'irar sarrafa matsa lamba na farko
Ana amfani da da'irar sarrafa matsi na farko don sarrafa matsi na tankin ajiyar gas don kada ya wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade. Ana amfani da bawul ɗin taimako na waje na waje da ma'aunin ma'aunin lamba na lantarki don sarrafa farawa da dakatarwar damfarar iska, kiyaye matsa lamba a cikin tankin ajiyar iska a cikin keɓaɓɓen kewayon. Ana karɓar ma'auni na lamba na lantarki, waɗanda ke da manyan buƙatu don motar da sarrafawa. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don sarrafa ƙananan ƙwayoyin iska, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto.
Hoto: Zane-zane na kula da matsa lamba na farko
2) Da'irar kula da matsa lamba na biyu
Madaidaicin madaidaicin matsi na biyu yana sarrafa matsi na tushen iska na tsarin pneumatic. A cikin watsawar huhu, mai raba ruwa da tace iska, matsa lamba mai rage bawul da mai hazo mai ana kiransu gaba ɗaya azaman nau'in pneumatic guda uku{1}. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, da'irar sarrafa matsa lamba ce ta biyu wacce ta ƙunshi nau'ikan huhu guda uku{3}.
Hoto: Da'irar kula da matsa lamba na biyu
② Bawul ɗin sarrafawa mai gudana da kewayawar saurin gudu
Don tabbatar da aiki mai santsi da abin dogara na Silinda, ya kamata a sarrafa saurin motsi na silinda. Hanyar gama gari ita ce amfani da bawul ɗin sarrafa kwarara don cimma wannan. Ƙwararren mai sarrafa wutar lantarki yana sarrafa saurin motsi na mai kunna pneumatic ta hanyar daidaita yawan iskar gas, kuma ana samun ikon sarrafa iskar gas ta hanyar canza wurin da ke gudana na bawul ɗin sarrafawa. Bawuloli masu sarrafa kwarara da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa, bawul ɗin magudanar hanya ɗaya{3}, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa, da sauransu.
Hanyoyi guda ɗaya{{0} matuƙa
Hanya guda {{0}matsarar bawul shine Haɗaɗɗen bawul ɗin sarrafawa wanda ya ƙunshi bawul ɗin hanya ɗaya{1} da bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa a layi daya. Ana nuna tsarin sa da alamar hoto a cikin hoton. Lokacin da iska ke gudana daga tashar P zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa A, ana jujjuya shi ta hanyar bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa. Lokacin da ke gudana daga A zuwa P, bawul ɗin rajistan yana buɗewa ba tare da maƙarƙashiya ba. Ana yawan amfani da bawul ɗin magudanar hanya ɗaya{6} a cikin tsarin saurin gudu da jinkirta da'irar silinda.
Hoto: Tsarin tsari da alamar hoto ta hanyar - bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa
2. Madauki na sarrafa sauri
Biyu{0}Silinda masu yin aiki suna da hanyoyin daidaitawa guda biyu: maƙarƙashiya da shaye-shaye. Hoton yana nuna da'irar daidaita ma'aunin abin sha. Yayin da ake ci, lokacin da alkiblar lodi ta ke kishiyar ta fistan, motsin piston yana da saurin kamuwa da wani al'amari marar daidaito, wato, al'amari mai rarrafe. Lokacin da nauyin nauyin nauyin ya dace da jagoran piston, nauyin yana da wuyar yin bushewa, yana sa silinda ya rasa iko. Don haka, ana amfani da da'irar daidaita ma'aunin abin sha don shigar da silinda a tsaye. Don na'urorin da aka shigar a kwance, da'irar daidaitawa gabaɗaya tana ɗaukar da'irar daidaitawar da'ira, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, shi ne zane-zanen da'ira mai sarrafa saurin da ya ƙunshi bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa. Lokacin da aka danne iska daga ƙarshen A kuma ta ƙare daga ƙarshen B, bawul ɗin duba ɗaya-hanyar magudanar ruwa A yana buɗewa da sauri ya hura rami mara sanda na silinda. Tunda hanyar bawul ɗin hanya ɗaya{11} hanyar magudanar bawul B, ana iya fitar da iskar gas ɗin da ke cikin rami na sanda kawai ta hanyar bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa. Ta hanyar daidaita matakin buɗewa na bawul ɗin magudanar B, saurin motsi lokacin da Silinda ya faɗaɗa za'a iya canza shi. Sabanin haka, daidaita matakin buɗaɗɗen bawul A na iya canza saurin motsi na silinda lokacin da ya ja da baya. Wannan hanyar sarrafawa tana tabbatar da tsayayyen aiki na piston kuma shine mafi yawan amfani da shi.
Hoto: Da'irar daidaitawa ta Unidirectional don sau biyu{0}} silinda mai aiki
Hoto: Da'irar sarrafa sauri wanda ya ƙunshi bawul ɗin maƙura Hoto
③ Electromagnetic directional bawul da kuma pneumatic iko kewaye
1. Bawul ɗin sarrafawa na jagora
Ana amfani da bawul ɗin sarrafawa don sarrafa tafiyar da iska mai matsa lamba da katsewar iska. Za'a iya rarraba bawuloli masu sarrafa pneumatic zuwa nau'ikan daban-daban dangane da tsarin tushen bawul, kamar nau'in bawul ɗin bawul, nau'in globe, nau'in shimfidar wuri, nau'in toshe da nau'in diaphragm, daga cikinsu nau'in globe da nau'in bawul ɗin zamewa sun fi amfani da su. Dangane da hanyoyin sarrafawa daban-daban, ana iya rarraba su zuwa nau'in sarrafa wutar lantarki, nau'in sarrafa pneumatic, nau'in sarrafa injin, nau'in sarrafa hannu da nau'in sarrafa lokaci, da sauransu. Dangane da adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da adadin manyan wuraren aiki na bawul, ana iya rarraba shi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan kamar su-matsayi biyu-hanyoyi biyu-matsayi uku-hanya, da uku-matsayi biyar{9}}, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebur.
Tebur: Tashoshi da Matsayin Aiki na Bawul ɗin Gudanar da Jagora
2. Bawul ɗin sarrafa wutar lantarki
Bawul ɗin sarrafa wutar lantarki na lantarki yana amfani da ƙarfin tsotsa na na'urar lantarki don tura maɓallin bawul don canza matsayin bawul ɗin bawul ɗin, ta haka yana sarrafa alkiblar kwararar iska. Kamar yadda za'a iya sarrafa shi ta siginar da aka aiko ta hanyar turawa{1}}maɓallin maɓalli, iyakataccen maɓalli, maɓallan kusanci, da sauransu, yana da sauƙi a cimma ikon haɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki na pneumatic kuma ana iya sarrafa shi daga nesa, tare da aikace-aikace iri-iri. Mafi yawan rarrabuwa na bawul ɗin solenoid yana dogara ne akan adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da matsayin aiki na core valve, gami da -matsayi biyu-hanya, biyu-matsayi uku{8}hanya, uku{9} matsayi biyar-hanya, da sauran su. Dangane da adadin coils ɗin da electromagnet ke fitarwa, ana rarraba bawuloli na solenoid zuwa nau'ikan sarrafawa guda ɗaya{12}} da kuma sau biyu{13}} sarrafawa. Ana rarraba wutar lantarki na Valve zuwa nau'i uku bisa ga mabambantan hanyoyin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su: Nau'in AC, nau'in DC da nau'in gida. Wannan nau'in shine nau'in gyaran gida na AC. Ita kanta wannan electromagnet sanye take da rabi{17}}madaidaicin igiyar ruwa, wanda zai iya amfani da AC kai tsaye yayin da yake da tsari da halayen lantarki na DC. Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, yakamata a zaɓi bawul ɗin kula da jagoranci na lantarki mai dacewa bisa ga buƙatun sarrafawa.
Hoton yana nuna zane-zane na ƙa'idar aiki ta kai tsaye{0}mai aiki guda ɗaya mai sarrafa wutar lantarki guda biyu{1}}wuri uku{2}hanyar bawul ɗin sarrafa wutar lantarki.
Hoto: Tsarin ƙa'idar aiki na kai tsaye -mai sarrafa bawul ɗin jagora na lantarki guda ɗaya
Ƙa'idar aiki: Lokacin da aka kunna wutar lantarki, ana tura bawul core zuwa ƙarshen sama ta wurin bazara, yana haɗa 7 da A. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta kunna, core baƙin ƙarfe yana tura bawul core zuwa ƙananan ƙarshen ta hanyar turawa, haɗa P da A.
Hoton yana nuna zanen ƙa'idar aiki na kai tsaye{0}}mai aiki, mai sarrafa wutar lantarki sau biyu{1}}matsayi biyar-hanyar bawul ɗin sarrafa wutar lantarki. Hoton yana nuna zanen ƙa'idar aiki na matuƙin jirgin ruwa{4}}mai sarrafa bawul ɗin sarrafawa sau biyu na lantarki.
Hoto: Tsarin tsarin aiki na kai tsaye -mai sarrafa sau biyu na lantarki guda biyu{1}}wuri biyar{2}hanyar solenoid bawul
Hoto: Tsarin ƙa'idar aiki na matukin jirgi{0}}mai sarrafa bawul mai sarrafa wutar lantarki sau biyu
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